Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the ...

Circular statistics is a specialised subfield of statistics that focuses on analysing data points distributed on a circle. Unlike conventional linear statistics, circular data is characterised by ...

Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...

What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...

Source: Thunder Bay, Canada. Used with permission of Dan Hunt, MD. Coincidences attract our attention because they seem weird, odd, or unlikely. Their improbability stimulates wonder—“what are the ...