When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...

Stanford Medicine investigators have replicated, in a lab dish, one of the most prominent human nervous pathways for sensing pain. This nerve circuit transmits sensations from the body’s skin to the ...

Neuroscientists find that two distinct neural pathways are responsible for the addictive properties of the opioid fentanyl: one mediates reward, the other promotes the seeking of relief from symptoms ...

Have you ever felt a chill run down your spine while watching someone else in distress? This phenomenon, known as vicarious fear, allows us to experience fear by observing others—even when we are not ...