Oral function should be measured routinely to determine individual bulbar involvement stages in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). “Our results underscore the heterogeneity of oral function effort across ...

"Decreasing AMMO [active maximal mouth opening] over time is seen most often in patients with SMA type 2 with an estimated reduction of almost 1 mm per year...At this point, we propose that ...

Bulbar onset ALS is a type of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that occurs due to the loss of motor neurons in the bulbar region of the brainstem. This progressive condition affects speech, ...