An international team of researchers shows through a concrete theoretical experiment that the prediction by standard complex quantum theory cannot be expressed by its real counterpart and ratifies its ...

Complex network theory has become a key analytical framework in modern physics for studying structure, dynamics, and emergent behaviour in complex systems.

Imaginary numbers might seem like unicorns and goblins — interesting but irrelevant to reality. But for describing matter at its roots, imaginary numbers turn out to be essential. They seem to be ...

Complex numbers seem to have an almost mystical aura surrounding them. Perhaps it’s because of the terminology used for them – for example, they have a ‘real part’ and an ‘imaginary part’, and they ...

Quantum computers are both the most promising and the most confusing segment of innovation in computing. On one hand, quantum computers promise to perform calculations that would otherwise be utterly ...