Dynamic optimisation and model predictive control (MPC) are at the forefront of modern process systems engineering, offering robust methodologies to address the challenges posed by time-varying ...

Vapor compression cycles are predominantly used in air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration equipment. A good understanding of transient behaviors of vapor compression systems is critical to ...

A MOSFET in the conducting state works with maximum efficiency, as the Drain-Source voltage is minimal, as is the power dissipation. But if it works in a dynamic system, the fast switching relegates ...

Accurate and cost-effective sensing of the temperature to be controlled. Closure of the feedback loop between temperatures sensor and heat and/or cooling source with control circuitry, including both ...

The automobile sector must ensure that its products can function in such a wide temperature range and with such fast temperature fluctuations without failing or experiencing material fatigue. An ...