On September 5, 2020, California's Creek Fire grew so severe that it began producing its own weather system. The fire's extreme heat produced an explosive thunderhead that spewed lightning strikes and ...

Earth system models (ESMs) integrate the interactions of atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and biosphere to estimate the state of regional and global climate under a wide variety of conditions. A model ...

Understanding how water moves through the Earth system is fundamental to predicting climate impacts and ensuring sustainable water management. Yet despite decades of research, uncertainties persist ...

Climate change is already reshaping global weather patterns and ecosystems around the world. In the long-term, its consequences could range from further substantial increases in the number of extreme ...

In a time of increasing climate variability, researchers Pengfei Xue and Miraj B. Kayastha have developed regional Earth system models to better understand and predict extreme weather and ...

In 2020, California’s Creek Fire became so intense that it generated its own thunderstorm, a phenomenon called a pyrocumulonimbus cloud. For years, scientists struggled to replicate these explosive ...

Earth system box models are essential tools for reconstructing long-term climatic and environmental evolution and uncovering Earth system mechanisms. To overcome the spatiotemporal resolution ...

An agreement on the third implementation phase of Destination Earth (DestinE), the European Commission’s initiative to ...