The binary decision-making framework outlined in Chapter 2 provides an alternative to probabilistic estimates of contamination constrained by the uncertain and/or unknowable factors included in the ...

Russia carries out work in the sphere of planetary protection "on its own initiative and without general coordination," Anatoly Zaitsev said MOSCOW, June 30. /TASS/. The United States and other ...

Suggested Citation: "2 Study of the History of the Solar System and Its Prebiotic Chemistry: Permanently Shadowed Regions on the Moon." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020.

With an increasing number of space missions targeting various celestial bodies, including Mars, Europa, and the Moon, the importance of maintaining the integrity of these environments while protecting ...