Barcelona, Spain, 31 August: A new definition of syncope – most commonly perceived as an episode of fainting – makes its diagnosis more precise and now dependent on a specific cause. New 2009 ESC ...

Establishing the cause or causes of syncope serves two principal purposes. First, an etiologic diagnosis permits assessment of prognosis and risk of recurrence, both issues of great concern for ...

For medically refractory vasovagal syncope (VVS) and functional bradycardia, the feasibility of off-label catheter cardioneuroablation (CNA) was supported by multicenter U.S. registry data. The ...

The startle response is a sudden, reflex-like response to an unexpected stimulus, such as a loud noise or bright light. It is an unlearned and largely unconscious defense mechanism shared by animals ...