A recent study published in Nature Neuroscience suggests that the brain learns to associate a specific signal with a reward based on the amount of time that passes between rewards, rather than the ...

Research shows that reward-based learning requires the two neuromodulators to balance one another's influence -- like the accelerator and brakes on a car If you've heard of two of the brain's chemical ...

Tsukuba, Japan—Behaviors are reinforced by associating an action with either a favorable outcome (reward-dependent learning) or an unfavorable outcome (aversion learning), and both forms of learning ...