The study of crystal structures provides crucial insights into the arrangement of atoms and molecules, directly influencing the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials. Advanced ...

Metallography is the science of using microscopic techniques to examine sections or polished surfaces of metallic materials. It provides information about a metallic component’s composition, ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

The Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance (FGIA) has updated a specification document providing a standardized comparative analysis procedure for determining the structural integrity of window ...

“The demand for high bandwidth memory (HBM) has driven the need for advanced packaging solutions, particularly those involving fan-out layers to interconnect wafers within packages. To meet the ...

Unlike optical microscopy, SEM does not rely on light waves but instead uses a beam of electrons to interact with materials, enabling magnifications up to 300,000× and resolutions approaching 1 nm. 1 ...