Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...
The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...
Wireless communications are quite prone to errors due to the noise present in the channel, fading effects and interference. The quality of communication is degraded by theses channel errors. To ...
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