Microfluidics is a rapidly evolving field that plays a crucial role in lab-on-a-chip technologies, chemical analysis, and biological diagnostics. One of the ...

The idea of building a machine from isolated parts, each with its own setup and software, no longer fits how modern automation works.

Abstract: This study proposes a new Sliding Mode Control (SMC) approach in which a proportional–integral–retarded (PIR) structure is employed as the sliding surface for second-order dynamical ...

Abstract: The unit quaternion is one of the most commonly utilized attitude representations because of its global representation and singularity-free properties. Nevertheless, the double cover ...